She shows how Hennig’s concept of an ‘enkaptic system’ (a concept pertaining to systematics, which describes the encapsulation of systems of lower complexity into systems of higher complexity) can shed light on the lineage model of stem cells. First, she combines two, typically distant, biological domains-namely stem cell biology and systematics. In the last fifteen years or so, they have been at centre of research into regenerative medicine.įagan’s piece is strongly interdisciplinary. ‘Stem cells’ are cells that can self-renew and differentiate into more specialized cells. Ferner and Thomas PradeuĮditorial introduction: In this contribution, Melinda Fagan asks what stem cells are, what they tell us about the idea of biological development, and how they influence our concepts organism and biological individual. Part of a special issue, Ontologies of Living Beings, guest-edited by A. Results of this examination include a (partial) characterization of stem cells’ developmental versatility, and the context-dependence of developmental processes involving stem cells. The concept of ‘enkapsis’ accommodates the cell-organism relation within the lineage view this hierarchical notion is further explicated by considering the methods and results of stem cell experiments. On the lineage view, a stem cell is the starting point of a cell lineage with a specific organismal source, time-interval of existence, and ‘tree topology’ of branch-points linking the stem to developmental termini. This account is grounded on experimental practices of stem cell research, with emphasis on new techniques for generating biological organization in vitro. This paper aims to fill the gap, proposing the lineage view of stem cells as an ontological framework for conceptualizing organismal development. However, recent accounts of these concepts do not engage developmental biology. The process of development is thus prima facie central for ideas about biological individuality and organismality. Biological development is a process, undergone by living things, which begins with a single cell and (in an important class of cases) ends with formation of a multicellular organism. Ontologies of living things are increasingly grounded on the concepts and practices of current life science. This MOOC was realized with the support of the LaBex REVIVE.Received 2 September 2016 Accepted 20 February 2017 Abstract Shahragim Tajbakhsh, François Schweisguth, Marc Van de Wetering, Allison Bardin, Ana Cumano, Philippe Herbomel, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Matthias Lutolf, Sigolène Meilhac, Laurence Daheron, Kat Hadjantonakis, Jenny Nichols, Alfonso Martinez Arias, Emmanuelle Rial-Sebbag. The videos are in English subtitled in French and in English. In each session, you will find a 8-10-minute video and a multiple choice test to help you check your understanding. This MOOC is organized in 5 chapters, each module is composed of 5 to 10 sessions. The Advances in Stem Cell Biology MOOC was created to provide an overview of stem cell biology, the properties of stem cells and their potential in directing organogenesis and regeneration in different organisms, and how they can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.ĭuring this MOOC you will learn about the characteristics and properties of stem cells, along with the latest discoveries in the field from general concepts to different categories of stem cells, and how they participate in organogenesis in the organism - and in vitro. In spite of intense research in this field, many unanswered questions remain regarding stem cell regulation and function. Stem cells have the spectacular ability to restore the function of damaged tissues, providing major opportunities for fundamental studies on organogenesis, regeneration, diseases, and ageing.
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